Buffer hole radial damage is defined by a practical damage limit applied to the rock lying between the buffer holes and the perimeter. Underground stope drill and blast designs optimisation program. Books international society of explosives engineers. Combinations of cip concrete, shotcrete, and precast concrete segments are applied in almost all underground excavations in either primary or secondary linings or in onepass lining systems.
In the future, underground construction will be more and more essential for increasing the quality of life. A number of niches and shorter tunnels have been developed from the main tunnel. Drilling and blasting powerpoint 2003 linkedin slideshare. Apply the basic principles of underground drilling and blasting. Drill depths are accounted for more accurately, making it easier to assign the right amount of explosives in blasting. Drill and blast management integrate geological data for accurate blasting. For this purpose, blast energy simulation allows identifying contours of fragmentation and rock breakage, to be calibrated against the real results obtained in the field. Optimised drill and blast operations result in good fragmentation and excellent heave needed f or easy digging of muckpiles, loading, conveying and ore processing operations. Compared with bored tunneling by tunnel boring machine, blasting generally results in higher.
Pdf design methodology for underground ring blasting. Training courses advanced mining production systems. Blast design is the safe and economic way to do blasting factors affecting blasting design geological factors out of blasters control controllable factors borehole dia. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The system allows users to rapidly compare different scenarios and produce ring layouts, charging plans and blast letters to paper or directly to compatible drill. Aug 24, 2015 underground stope drill and blast designs optimisation program, in proceedings 11th international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, pp 7148 the australasian institute of mining and metallurgy. This entry was posted in blasting, explosives and tagged blasting, blasting in mines, coal mines, drilling and blasting, explosives, gassy seam, methane, mines blasting, underground blasting, underground. If a quarry plans to use 30foot bench heights with 7 feet of sub drill, a drill. Tunnelling and underground construction technology conventional underground tunnelling often called incremental or cyclic tunnelling, is the alternative to continuous tunnelling small advance steps longitudinally and transversally the step length and the surface of excavation face are important design. Blast design figure 82 staggered pattern figure 83 sing figure 81 square or rectangular pattern. Ugdb has been developed to manage the specialized needs of drill and blast designs for underground mines.
Riibla202a support underground shotfiring operations the course covers the following topics. Drilling in stopes is done with pneumaticfeed stopers, light handheld hammer drills of the jackhammer type and heavier plugger machines, drifters of the leyner type mounted on. Complete blast planning, design and analysis software. The order and timing of the detonation of the individual blast holes is regulated by the initiation system. Most drills in surface mines use single pass drilling, either by blast design or through. Underground stope drill and blast designs optimisation program, in proceedings 11th international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting, pp 7148 the. A tunnel is defined in the whs regulations as an underground passage or opening that is approximately horizontal and starts at the surface of the ground or at an excavation.
The method can be used in all types of rocks and the initial cost is lower than the mechanical method like tbm. A tunnel is defined in the whs regulations as an underground passage or opening that is. This module presents recommended blast design practices for surface mine and quarry blasting. Falls of ground are a significant hazard for underground miners and a leading cause of fatalities. Most of the openings were developed by the drill and blast method, but the lower 50 m of the main tunnel. Workers responsible for development and production drilling and blasting activities. Managing directorprincipal consultant, firm australia our trainer is a professional mining engineer and a highly experienced and knowledgable shotfirerblaster with over 38years of experience in the drill and blast industry. While many operators are aware of its significance in the production process, they fail on generating an effective drill and blast plan. The distance between the back row blastholes and the line of drill holes is between 50 and 75% of the normal burden distance. Rapidly site rings, slots, drill holes either manually or through sophisticated automated tools, to deliver a comprehensive ring design every time. In the case of a tunnel blast, the first requirement is to create a void into which rock broken by the blast can expand. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation.
Underground mine design, planning, and engineering srk. Tunnel for drill and blast design, drilling pattern design. Pdf drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. This tunneling method involves the use of explosives. The total labor cost for drill and blast tunneling is high, but the total investment cost is. Pdf rock blasting in underground mining researchgate. Explosives, theory of breakage and blasting operations. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. The depth of pull with a vcut is usually limited to about half the width of the heading because of the space required to set up and drill the angled holes. The fragmentation is coarser and because of the design of the round, the muck pile profile is usually lower and more spread out.
Fast, efficient underground drill and blast design. Optimization of blasting parameters in opencast mines. Modern drilling and blasting techniques in underground mining. For example, the specific charge at tunneling is 310 times higher than at bench blasting, depending on borehole deviation, tight holes, lift of the fragments, and the fact that. Again, simulation, measurements and analysis are key to conduct a drill and blast effective process, transforming design. The size of the mast and drill steels carried by the rig are important considerations in drilling efficiency. When contemplating a change in drill hole size, compare the. Concrete for underground structures engineering books. An example showing an underground powerhouse is shown in fig. Rock on ground can complement a customers own drilling capability with a complete rock extraction and delivery service. In 1963, ash 1963a,b,c,d published his nowclassic papers dealing with blast design in open pit mines and quarries. Conventional drifting or tunneling by drilling and blasting method requires a much higher specific charge than ordinary production blasting such as bench blasting. Buffer hole radial damage is defined by a practical. Geotechnical characterization and ground support system design.
Pdf automation of drill and blast design researchgate. Underground drilling and blasting training dvd acg youtube. If a quarry plans to use 30foot bench heights with 7 feet of sub drill, a drill rig. Underground blast rounds can be divided into two basic categories 1 heading, drift, or tunnel rounds, in which the only free face is the surface from which the holes are drilled, and 2 bench or stope rounds in which there is one or more free faces in addition to the face on which the blastholes are drilled. Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the world. When the vugs extended the full depth of the round, drill. The mesh should be attached to the rock at intervals of between 1 and 1. Blaster training module 4 this module presents aspects of surface drilling that are important to blasting operations. The coal face of blasting mine in underground coal mine is a very complicated system of disaster environment, the spatio temporal limit increases the accident probability of blasting operations.
It is a core undergraduate mining engineering subject. Explosives and blasting in underground coal mines mining. The distance between the back row blastholes and the line of drill holes. After gaining first hand experience with explosives and blasting in an underground. Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics. The presence of open caves or large vugs can also influence blast design. Blast plan a written procedure that details the methods and manner by which a project blaster will comply with. Figure 7 b elow is an isometric representation of two blastholes from a typical open pit mine or quarry and shows ashs various design parameters.
Blastmap tm iii is a software tool for designing blast timing for use with axxis tm. Typical layout of tunnel system and rock caverns is shown in fig. To achieve a good blast design, an understanding on the rock dynamic response. Excavation associated with tunnelling includes vertical and inclined shafts providing access.
Sean dessureault surface and underground excavations methods,techniques and equipments. A majority of metal and nonmetal mines use drill and blast techniques for drifting and primary development. This book teaches how various types of explosives are made and utilized for mining production. Bureau of mines, information circular 8550 includes bibliography. As traffic and parking will go underground in the cities, tunnels will. Drill and blast method has been widely used as an effective excavation method for underground rock caverns or tunnels. Ensure consistency by incorporating standard design metrics for drill. In the fluorspar mines in illinois, 1 to 2 m 3 to 6 ft wide vugs commonly occurred in heading round faces. Blast plan a written procedure that details the methods and manner by which a project blaster will comply with pertinent laws, rules, regulations, and contract documents. New gpsenabled applications have improved strata recognition capabilities that help drill and blast engineers develop more appropriate and more suitable blast designs. So the safety appraisement method of safety engineering was. Tamping bar dipper used to drill hole to the required depth. Quickly generate underground longhole drill layouts, manage blasts, and conduct advanced blast analysis and optimisation.
Understand the parameters that must be considered to ensure the most practical and effective design can be achieved. The apex angle is as near as possible to 600 figure 1 this type of cut is particularly suited to large size drifts, which have well laminated or fissured rocks. New gpsenabled applications have improved strata recognition capabilities that help drill and blast engineers develop more appropriate and more suitable blast. Sequence of initiation in single row blasting 27 3. A case study examination of two blast rounds at a nevada gold. One of the basic principles of designing the configuration and sequential detonation of blastholes in a one blast, is the presence of a free face parallel or subparallel to the blast holes, as detonation occurs. The purpose of drilling into rock is to provide a blasthole into which explosives can be loaded. Compared with tbm technology, the performance rate of advance for drill and blast excavation is lower in most cases. Drill and blast fundamentals masterclass trade essential. The new blast design concept applies the understanding of radial damage that is caused by the buffer hole column charge. Ring blasting design modeling and optimization blastconsult. The software system is developed to help you to design projects for underground works and solve different design. A new perimeter control blast design concept for underground.
When underground blasting operations are close to occupied or otherwise. Thus, for a blaster, valuable tool is the file of blast reports that he builds as he gains experience. The available techniques for drill and blast design in underground mining. Rotary drilling and blasting in large surface mines. The purpose of this handbook is to give basic knowledge of the drilling systems. The method can be used in all types of rocks and the initial cost is lower than the mechanical.
Set blast timing for holes in various patterns and sequences and animate the resultant blast. Blasters training modules module 4 blasthole drilling. Basic drilling cycle for drill and blast drifting and tunneling. Blast design, underground ring blasting, underground mining, underground production blasting, fragmentation, damage synopsis rock mass, provided the user has the required input parameters for the corresponding models. Tunneling technology has evolved from traditional drill and blast technology to the use of fullface tunnel boring machines tbm, increasing speed of tunneling and lowering cost. Figure 87 analysis of efficient blast design efficient blast designs combined with the proper choice of explosive can produce better fragmentation with associated lower operating costs compared to blast designs and explosives used under adverse conditions. Analysis of the cost of explosives requires that the effects of explosive energy be placed into proper perspective within the entire drilling, blasting, handling and. Realtime surveillance of the blast area and an open channel of communication mitigate occupational hazards and ensure prompt response in the event of an emergency. The continuous development of equipment, particularly for drilling, and the development and improvement of explosives helped drill and blast to achieve a considerable.
484 1105 1496 1042 1033 784 1456 143 628 997 1106 805 516 335 696 1131 1114 299 782 1305 1006 289 1038 490 738 1214 696 758 1452 299 946 1436 414 1155 830